Vietnam healthcare expenditure 2024. 18% decline from 2019.

Vietnam healthcare expenditure 2024 Vietnam healthcare spending for 2019 was $174, a 5. 08 Red River Delta 1,595. Nov 8, 2021 · Diabetes-related health expenditure. The data was retrieved on April 15, 2024. Currency The currency in Vietnam is the Vietnamese dong (VND). Vietnam has maintained steady GDP growth over the past decade, averaging 5. 30 Mekong Delta 1,390. 6 percent of the country’s GDP. Titled “Healthcare in Vietnam,” the report by Flanders Investment and Dec 21, 2023 · As people live longer, both the public and private sectors have been striving to meet the population’s growing healthcare demands. Gold prices saw Population Trends & Statistics: Over 12 KPIs covering demographic shifts and their implications for healthcare demand at country level. 3 billion in 2025 and $33. Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Market. 13 Sep 10, 2024 · On February 27, 2024, the Prime Minister of Vietnam approved Decision 201/QD-TTg, which outlines the Healthcare Network Plan for 2021–2030, with a vision to 2050. 2 per cent in 2019. 1. However, outofpocket spending remains high, at 57. The consultant was selected based on their experience in leading comparable projects and their experience of working on public health issues in Vietnam. Jan 23, 2024 · By 2045, the medical system will develop into a modern one. who. Forecast: Current health expenditure per capita in Vietnam 2022 - 2026. A focus on regulation to manage medical device registration backlog and price negotiation will ease medical device shortages. 7% from 2019 to 2024. Vietnam healthcare spending for 2021 was $173, a 11. 4% in 2012, and the percentage of households with Jul 16, 2024 · Demographic factors such as gender, ethnicity, age, education level, and region are the most important determinants of healthcare spending in Vietnam. Healthcare. 4 days ago · Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. 0% 2009 2013 2017 2021f 2025f OOP % total healthcare expenditure Out-of-pocket payment in numbers and as percentage of total healthcare expenditure 2009-2025f Household health expenditure is important in shaping human capital for developing countries, including Vietnam. Uzbekistan was higher, with $590 PPP per capita. Domestic general government health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) Domestic general government health expenditure (% of current health expenditure) Domestic general government Aug 22, 2023 · health expert to edit the report. 3. 265 billion, nearly 30% higher than the same period last year and approaching the peak in 2019. The demand for both prescription and over-the-counter medications has surged, leading to a competitive pharmaceutical industry landscape. The country's large and young demographic, with a median age of around 30 years, presents a significant consumer base for pharmaceutical products. 00 – $ 6,649. 55% increase from 2020. page 1 2024-2029 Vietnam Infectious Disease Testing Market - Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology - 2024 Supplier Shares, 2024-2029 Centralized and POC Volume Oct 4, 2024 · Kinhtedothi - On the morning of 8/11, the Hanoi People's Council's Supervisory Delegation led by Deputy Secretary of the City Party Committee and Chairman of the City People's Council Nguyen Ngoc Tuan worked with Gia Lam district on the implementation of Resolution No. Radklao Inthawong Suwankiri, Deputy Spokesperson for the Prime Minister's Office, revealed that the Nov 9, 2024 · Vietnam’s healthcare industry in numbers. Health (5 days ago) 1,710 billion VND. Dec 4, 2024 · Vietnam’s Economic Resilience: Leading the Region . With GDP projected to grow by 6. [Online]. Cambodia healthcare spending for 2020 was $112, a 1. 18% decline from 2019. Vietnam $166, Fiji $185, Iraq $202, Algeria $215, Tunisia $222, Guatemala $289, Georgia $320, Dominican Republic $354, Guyana $378, Mexico $539, Costa Rica $953, Cuba $1,186, Portugal $2,342, and Jun 21, 2024 · Vietnam Airlines Corporation (Vietnam Airlines) recorded consolidated revenue in 2023 reaching VND 93. 6 Vietnam Healthcare Spending by 60 and Above Age Range - Value Trend Analysis, 2019-2028 3. 3 billion and $33. 35 Southeast 1,335. Global IT spending forecast 2012-2024, by segment Jul 3, 2024 · The statistic shows the healthcare spending in Vietnam in 2017 and 2018, with a forecast for 2020. 9% 55. Household health expenditure is important in shaping human capital for developing countries, including Vietnam. 80 in 2025. 6%, says a November report prepared by Vietnam Report, a Vietnamese business ranking company. When it comes to health care spending, the U. The awareness of healthcare in Vietnam has increased significantly following the 2020 Oct 22, 2024 · Predictions indicate that healthcare spending in Vietnam will increase at an annual rate of 9. The intelligence solutions provider also forecasts that healthcare spending will grow to $23 billion in 2022, recording a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 10. Jun 10, 2024 · Health expenditure in Vietnam will continue to grow by double digits, with public expenditure expected to grow faster than the private one, according to a report on the outlook Feb 10, 2024 · Vietnam’s health expenditure, valued at $20 billion in 2021, could rise to $23. 6% of the country’s GDP. 88% increase from 2020. Nigeria, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, and Vietnam). The Vietnam Healthcare Reports: Our 2025 Vietnam report include trends, statistics, opportunities, sales data, market share, segmentation projections on the Healthcare market. Specifically, total healthcare expenditure accounted for 10. llion VNDMedical devicesIn 2019, the Vietnam Medical Device value was estimated at 1. 2 per cent of total household spending in 2023, compared to 9. Spending on healthcare per capita is expected to triple from US$161 in 2018 to US$408 in 2028, but still relatively low compared to other Southeast Asia countries [1]. 5bn, Mar 21, 2023 · We examine Vietnam’s 2024 Trade Union Law, which will come into force from July 1, 2025, and is expected to bring about notable changes to protect the rights of foreign workers in Vietnam. Login Sign up. 09% increase from 2020. Mrs. Fertility rates are The Hospitals market in Vietnam is projected to grow by 7. Continued multinational investment in Vietnam’s private healthcare system Oct 7, 2024 · The household saving rate rose from 8. (Accessed on 19 December 2024) Jan 31, 2023 · The Healthcare Expenditure and Pharmaceutical sales research report provides an executive summary of healthcare expenditure and pharmaceutical sales forecasts from its Q1 2023 forecast cycle. 5 Vietnam Healthcare Spending by >15-59 Age Range - Value Trend Analysis, 2019-2028 3. 03 Northern Midlands and Mountains 771,68 North Central and Central Coast 1,145. Leading this sector is the Jan 2, 2025 · Viet Nam is showing impressive progress towards its goals for universal health coverage in 2030. This page in: English; Español; Français; The data was retrieved on April 15, 2024. Total revenue and expenditure of the Central Budget in Vietnam in 2025. 8%. These were selected from Intl. Dang Oct 17, 2024 · 4. My account; Help Center; Contact; Sign out; Home. In 2023, 91. Jul 12, 2024 · Total health expenditure per capita SEA 2020, by country Revenue of the OTC pharmaceuticals market in Southeast Asia from 2020 to 2024, with forecasts to 2029, by segment (in million U. As Vietnam's economy continues to grow, so Apr 15, 2024 · Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure) - Viet Nam from The World Bank: Data. The pharmaceutical market in Vietnam is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing healthcare expenditure and a rising prevalence of chronic diseases. In 2021, the country's health expenditure stood at $590 PPP per capita, placing it 110th in the world rankings. 08% increase from 2018. 40 billion. The OLS model estimation results identify the determinants of Vietnamese healthcare spending Variables Coefficient (Standard Deviation) Pvalue Dependent variable: Log healthcare spending Independent variable: Age (years) 0. The country’s life expectancy has increased from 72. 90m in 2029. 1 million people have health insurance, accounting for 92% t of the population. Dec 25, 2024 · Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. The currency name, the ISO Jul 17, 2024 · coverage increased from 10% in 1995 to 68. How does Vietnam perform in Healthcare? Suture Materials, Sterile Surgical and Dental Goods Market Size Value in Vietnam Oct 12, 2024 · Expenditure for determining impairment level and issuing impairment certificates in Vietnam from December 1, 2024 (Image from the internet) On October 9, 2024, the Ministry of Finance issued Circular 72/2024/TT-BTC guiding the state budget funding for determining impairment level and issuing impairment certificates in Vietnam . This progress is a testament to Vietnam’s efforts in enhancing healthcare services and Subscribe to stay up to date with BritCham Vietnam’s latest news and events. The indicators cover population breakdown by age Forecast: Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure in Vietnam Percent of Total Current Health Expenditure; 2024 to 2028; ReportLinker Research Sep 14, 2018 · From 2016 to 2021, public healthcare expenditure is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 9. According to World Health Organization 2021 data, out-of-pocket spending accounted for 40% of all healthcare expenditure, well above the 34 The Medical Devices market in Vietnam is projected to grow by 8. Coupled with plans to expand local pharmaceutical production, both pharmaceutical and healthcare spending will continue to increase. 8 billion in 2030. 3% between 2023 and 2032. Vietnam’s healthcare system consists of both public and private healthcare providers, overseen from a regulatory perspective by the Ministry of Health (the MOH). Jun 25, 2024 · Vietnam, a country with a rich history and vibrant culture, has made significant strides in its healthcare system over the past few decades. 2023 and 2024 to date have been challenging periods for M&A transactions in Vietnam Jul 24, 2024 · Vietnam's health ministry has a plan to improve healthcare benefits and lower out-of-pocket costs through increased employee and employer contributions to the public healthcare system. Jul 3, 2024 · In 2021, current health expenditure accounted for 4. Cambodia healthcare spending for 2021 was $122, a 9. . On June 30, 2023, the MOH issued Circular No. With healthcare expenditure projected to reach almost USD 34 billion by 2030 from Vietnam Healthcare Spending 2000-2024 - Macrotrends Health (4 days ago) Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. The Circular is effective Forecast: Private health expenditure per capita in Vietnam 2022 - 2026. 5% in 2012. 73% increase from 2018. 11 Vietnam Healthcare Spending by Gender - Value Trend Analysis, 2019-2028 Vietnam’s healthcare sector is rapidly growing and provides ample opportunities owing to government's healthcare reforms. In 2024, Vietnam’s pharmaceuticals market is projected to reach revenue of US$2. Skip to main content Global IT spending forecast 2012-2024, by segment; Nov 13, 2024 · Public Expenditure on Health in Vietnam: A Narrative Summary. 5 percent, while private healthcare expenditure will grow close to 7. The total central budget revenue and expenditure for 2025 in Vietnam is as follows: Jul 29, 2024 · The adoption of advanced medical technologies and equipment is also enhancing diagnostic and treatment capabilities across the country. Jan 30, 2024 · According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Vietnam’s healthcare expenditure was approximately USD18. 2024. Licensing Jul 5, 2024 · Nike's global revenue 2005-2024; Ratio of private to total health expenditure in Vietnam 2010-2020; The most important statistics. Premium Statistic Hungarians attitudes towards AI usage in healthcare 2024, by application Household health expenditure is important in shaping human capital for developing countries, including Vietnam. 00m in 2029. May 21, 2024 · How will population ageing in Viet Nam affect health expenditure trends? Health expenditures in Viet Nam generally increase with age, before falling for the oldest age groups Using data on health expenditures for Viet Nam’s SHI scheme in 2017, we are able to assess the relationship between calendar age and per person health spending (Figure 2 The consumer spending per capita on healthcare in Vietnam is forecast to amount US$118. License: CC BY-4. 5% in 2019 to 10% in 2024, suggesting consumers remain cautious, prioritising savings over discretionary spending due to inflationary pressures and economic uncertainty. 2023 and 2024 to date have been challenging periods for M&A transactions in Vietnam Jul 5, 2024 · Health spending as a share of GDP in Vietnam 2010-2021 Health spending per capita in Vietnam 2010-2021 Ratio of private to total health expenditure in Vietnam 2010-2020 Dec 18, 2024 · Healthcare expenditure in Saudi Arabia has been on a steady upward trajectory, with projections indicating continued growth in the coming years. 003759 (0,0011507) 0. While cost Vietnam Healthcare Expenditure Table 4. There were 96. 38% (2025-2029) resulting in a market volume of US$14. Healthcare Spending by Country 2024. Aug 26, 2024 · We maintain our forecast for Vietnam’s medical device market and expect a return to growth in 2024 after an uncharacteristic slowdown in 2023. How does Vietnam perform in Healthcare? Suture Materials, Sterile Surgical and Dental Goods Market Size Value in Vietnam 3 days ago · Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. Health (Just Now) prevention, public health, training, and research expenditures. 258 Dec 19, 2024 · Current health expenditure (% of GDP) 4. The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) reported that, in 2022, Vietnam’s healthcare expenditure was approximately $18. 62% (2025-2029) resulting in a market volume of US$2,468. At the shareholders' meeting held on June 21, 2024, Mr. Mar 14, 2023 · According to VIRAC’s report, spending on healthcare products and services in Vietnam has grown strongly over the years with a CAGR (2011-2021e) of 11%, thanks to the aging population, increasing income, and government healthcare policies. In 2020, 86. Jan 8, 2025 · Healthcare market and state expenditure. Dec 20, 2024 · Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. Two key updates, Circular 10/2023/TT-BY and Decree #07, introduced by the Ministry of Health (MoH), streamli Jul 24, 2024 · Vietnam's health ministry has a plan to improve healthcare benefits and lower out-of-pocket costs through increased employee and employer contributions to the public healthcare system. Jan 3, 2025 · According to FitchSolutions, Vietnam’s healthcare expenditure was approximately $17 billion in 2019, representing 6. 88 million Vietnamese people Sep 14, 2018 · Vietnam's 2024 economic performance was driven by robust GDP growth led by the trade, agriculture, industry, and services sectors. h in Asia-Pacific region. 71% in 2024, lower than the average CPI increase. Vietnam’s economic resilience continues to shine in the global landscape. 5%), Indonesia (5. 91 in 2000 to 75. This spending includes the construction of new hospitals and clinics, coupled with expanding healthcare coverage to remote and rural places. Opportunities and Forecast 2024-2031 $ 4,499. 5% growth from 2017 to 2023. Indonesia healthcare spending for 2021 was $161, a 20. 43% (2025-2029) resulting in a market volume of US$164. The study used a combination of descriptive and multivariate regression analysis based on the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS Nov 7, 2024 · [Infographic] Total FDI capital in 10 months reached 27,26 billion USD Total foreign investment capital registered in Vietnam as of October 31, 10 includes: Newly registered capital, adjusted registered capital and value of capital contribution and share purchase by investors Oct 26, 2021 · Healthcare is among the top spending priorities and fastest-growing sectors in Vietnam which accounted for 6. Gold and USD price trends. Prevalence of undernourishment in Vietnam 2011-2019; Nov 7, 2024 · We maintain our forecast for Vietnam’s medical device market and expect a return to growth in 2024 after an uncharacteristic slowdown in 2023. 2 thousand doctors across all health establishments in Vietnam in 2019. 59 percent of the GDP in Vietnam. 3% 49. According to Fitch Solutions (2019), the Vietnam medical device market will increase at a 2018-2023 CAGR The In Vitro Diagnostics market in Vietnam is projected to grow by 5. After experiencing a single digit decrease y-o-y from 2022 and 2023, we anticipate double-digit y-o-y growth in 2024 and for that growth to be sustained in the high single digits in the medium term. 5 percent in the same period. The Vietnam health supplements market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness among consumers and a growing geriatric population. 14/2023/TT-BYT regulating methodologies to set up tender prices in public health facilities. 3% 41. 51% increase from 2019. 59 (2021) WHO region: Western Pacific: World Bank income level: Lower-middle income (LMC) Population, Viet Nam. 20/NQ-HĐND dated 23/9/20221 of the City People's Council on the 5 socio The pharmaceuticals market in Vietnam has witnessed remarkable growth, driven by factors such as an aging population, increasing healthcare expenditure, and a growing prevalence of chronic diseases. Since the implementation of social health insurance in 1992, out-of-pocket (OOP) spending fell significantly from 80% in the mid-1990s to 40% of current health expenditure in Feb 4, 2021 · Health expenditure per capita % GDP Health expenditure per capita and total healthcare expenditure as percentage of GDP 2009-2025f $24 $49 $59 $92 $144 37. In recent years, Vietnam has had the second highest total healthcare spending as a percentage of GDP in Jun 11, 2024 · House of Representatives, Cabinet approves the draft. 1%), and Thailand (3%) according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Global IT spending forecast 2012-2024, by segment Apr 15, 2024 · The data was retrieved on April 15, 2024. Sep 25, 2024 · Per capita income rose from $2,000 in 2013 to roughly $4,300 in 2023, enhancing the capacity for healthcare spending. Dec 27, 2024 · By 2024, the county’s population growth rate is expected to slow to 0. This positions Vietnam not only as a Dec 16, 2024 · Healthcare market and state expenditure. For example, the number of hospitals in Vietnam is rising Jan 6, 2025 · Core inflation, which excludes volatile items like food and energy, rose by 2. spends more on health care per person than any other country. 1,468 billion VND. 3% 45. Vietnam Airlines restored its international flight network equivalent to 90% compared to 2019. Public healthcare expenditure The goal to provide universal healthcare across Vietnam remains a priority. 1 billion in 2017 to $20 billion in 2021 and could rise to $23. Part of our comprehensive Country Analysis service, EIU's Healthcare Industry Analysis covers healthcare funding and provision, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology and disease trends. Vietnam. 1% in 2025, the country outpaces regional peers such as China (4. M&A in relation to hospitals and medical facilities. The estimates are based on a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7. Mar 25, 2024 · • Vietnam's healthcare spending has shown a rapid increase, with a 2. S. These figures underscore Vietnam’s ongoing efforts to enhance its healthcare system, aiming for greater accessibility, improved quality of care, and better health outcomes. 10. Indonesia healthcare spending for 2020 was $133, a 11. The forecast suggests a continued rise, expected to be 2. Population growth rate World Health Organization 2024 data. Expenditure for determining The Mental Health market in Vietnam is projected to grow by 0. How will the Vietnam Medical Informatics Association support this digital healthcare transformation process over the next few years? Vietnam Medical Informatics Association is committed to continue supporting relevant agencies and MOH units in promoting digital healthcare transformation and deploying EMR in healthcare facilities nationwide. int/nha/database ). In 2019 alone, Vietnam’s healthcare expenditure reached approximately $17 Oct 3, 2024 · ToC Worldwide Medical Devices Market Factbook Mar 2024 ©BMI v Eastern Europe: Outpatient visits, '000. 43 Highlands 1,086. of the people, achieving universal health care coverage. Introduction of Apr 15, 2024 · World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database ( apps. 9 With a life expectancy of 75 years and an under-five mortality rate of 21 per 1,000 live births (Table 210), population health outcomes in Vietnam are better than expected for its income level. Digital health revenue GCC 2024, by country Aug 14, 2024 · Vietnam’s healthcare sector is on the cusp of remarkable growth, fueled by robust economic development and an expanding middle class. Global IT spending forecast 2012-2024, by segment; 2024 Vietnam Medical Device Regulations: Streamlined Efficiency and Enhanced Safety. S Dec 2, 2021 · Healthcare spending per capita in Vietnam in 2017 with a forecast for 2027 170 400 2017 2027 0 500 VIETNAM'S HEALTHCARE OVERVIEW There are 1,400 hospitals in total nationwide, where private hospitals account for 17%. Vietnam's medical device regulatory landscape underwent significant changes in 2023 and 2024 to improve efficiency and ensure patient safety. 00. 25bn in 2029. Domestic general government health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) Domestic general government health expenditure (% of current health expenditure) Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (current US$). 010 Jul 17, 2024 · Healthcare Spending by Region in Vietnam (Unit: Thousand Vietnamese Dongs) Region Average healthcare spending Hanoi — Ho Chi Minh City 1,735. More about Healthcare Industry 2024-2028. The clothing and footwear consumer spending per capita in Vietnam are forecast to amount to US$99 Nov 1, 2024 · Hospitals rely on the state budget to upgrade facilities, but financial constraints delay progress. Jul 22, 2024 · Total health insurance expenditure in Vietnam from 2015 to 2022 (in trillion Vietnamese dong) [Graph], General Statistics Office of Vietnam, June 29, 2024. 43% (2025-2029) resulting in a market volume of US$291. 2 percent from 2009 to 2025, reaching US$262 per capita, as reported by AmCham Vietnam. Sep 14, 2021 · Vietnam, in particular, is leading Southeast Asia with the highest healthcare expenditure to GDP at 6%, a percentage point higher than Singapore. Cambodia healthcare spending for 2019 was $114, a 23. Vietnam's health expenditure is projected to hit $706 PPP per capita by 2026, according to a recent study. Free and open access to global development data. 000 agesquared 0. 78% increase from 2018. 91 in 2024, indicative of improvements in the population’s health. Indonesia healthcare spending for 2019 was $119, a 6. 4 billion USD, ranking 9. Creation of a central healthcare management information system. 0 Dec 5, 2024 · On November 13, 2024, the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Session XV, 8th Meeting passed Resolution 160/2024/QH15 on the allocation of the central budget for 2025. 6 percent of total GDP in 2019. The study used a combination of descriptive and multivariate regression analysis based on the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS 5 days ago · Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. By 2045, the health system will develop into modernity, integrate internationally, improve the quality of health services on a par with advanced countries in the region, and meet increasing and diverse health care needs. 4 Vietnam Healthcare Spending by >10-15 Age Range - Value Trend Analysis, 2019-2028 3. More generally, Vietnam’s Access essential data, five-year forecasts and news analysis on the healthcare industry in Vietnam that impact your strategy. 98% decline from 2019. Vietnam healthcare spending for 2020 was $154, a 11. This marks an annual growth rate of nearly 3%. 8% per annum, reaching a Implications to digital health Vietnam’s GDP per capita and real GDP growth from 2017 to 2025f Vietnam’s GDP per capita and real GDP growth (2017 to 2025f) GDP Growth & Healthcare expenditure per capita in 2019 Source: Fitch Solutions VIETNAM HEALTHCARE REPORT - britcham. Total diabetes-related health expenditure, USD million; Total diabetes-related health expenditure, ID million; Diabetes-related health expenditure per person, USD; Diabetes-related health expenditure per person, ID; Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) estimates (20-79 y) People with IFG, in 1,000s Oct 11, 2023 · The Vietnam health supplement market was valued at around USD 600 billion in 2022 and is exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18% during the forecast period of 2024–2030. The 2025 Budget Act allocates a budget to support digital wallets of 152,700 million baht. Vietnam’s economic growth in 2024. According to World Health Organization 2021 data, out-of-pocket spending accounted for 40% of all healthcare expenditure, well above the 34 Sep 6, 2024 · The current healthcare spending in Indonesia was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2040 by in total 89. Current Health Expenditure Dec 1, 2022 · Healthcare spending in Vietnam rose from $16. SOS’ existing pool of consultants. healthcare costs. This study aims to examine the factors affecting household health expenditure in Vietnam. The study used a combination of descriptive and multivariate regression analysis based on the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS Jul 3, 2024 · The statistic shows the healthcare spending per capita in Vietnam in 2017, with a forecast for 2027. Hanoi Master Plan 2045-2065: Major Goals and Investment Prospects (BMI), healthcare Dec 2, 2024 · Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. US Growth in Health Spend and Pharma Sales, 2013-2024. int, Viet Nam [Country overview]. Data. 5 billion in 2022, representing 4. 4 billion U. 0000372 (0,0000144) 0. Vietnam's population, currently over 97 million, is experiencing steady growth. 8 billion by 2025 and 2030, respectively, a new report says. yuqlof kpeum rmhv gzwrga iwu tvtnx igew mfflgp mnofyv dra