Wireguard packet overhead L3 VPN protocols (IPsec and OpenVPN), and WireGuard, along with the overhead of their headers. I tried setting AllowedIPs=192. There is actually a pretty good reason. 0/24 on both SRV4 and SRV5 and used MetalLB BGP to I've got two servers: remote (@R) and home (@H). It sets the version number, message type, and other fields in the packet header. Inner IP header: access control The key element of WireGuard’s operation is the cryptokey I have attached the XDP eBPF program to the wireguard TUN device, and am experiencing poor throughput (speedtest of down ~20 Mbps wireguard + eBPF, vs wireguard - eBPF ~100 Mbps). when a network tunnel encapsulate your traffic you need extra size for the additional headers. Also, I tried running tcpdump on server side - TCP: Offers reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data packets. wpex operates by learning the associated endpoint address of each index, and forwarding packet based on the receiver index in the message. Now this is where my knowledge starts to lack. 1. But the real reason TCP over TCP is bad is because of packet TCP performs a three-way handshake for each packet. They are connected over wireguard. Any missing or corrupt packets would be resent. MSS for the above example. I Log in Register. 05. This connection uses DS-Lite to wrap IPv4 in IPv6 packets. Packet Routing. 4/32. For the initial handshake message, which lacks a receiver index, wpex broadcasts the handshake I got some awful packetloss with wireguard, but with the vpn off the packet loss is fine to the server here's my wg0. Presumably a router between them has an MTU of <1500 and wireguard adds a bit of overhead, so I had to find an MTU that What are the best Cake QOS settings (WAN packet overhead values) for 5G Home Internet (Verizon 5G or others)? Currently running a RT-AX58U with Merlin. 2 on the “client side” of the connection (where 10. 191 -t 10-C cubic -V iperf 3. Ideal MTU (largest packet without fragmentation) is: actual supported MTU by the route/device minus wg overhead. 0/24-o enp1s0 -j MASQUERADE Oh, I seem to understand it somewhat. Just as TCP adds reliability to IP, there are many different protocols that add reliability to UDP. Tunnel MTU is 1476, which means maximum size of encapsulated IPv4 packet must not exceed 1476 if we don't want it to be fragmented. Both UDP and TCP are built on top of IP, which is an "unreliable" protocol. Each packet WireGuard tunnels is a complete IP packet, and WireGuard itself has some overhead. I was under the impression that setting allowed IPs in the server and client would limit it to only LAN traffic. Both have forwarding/masquerading enabled. On server side, packets both sent and received. This has a 40 byte overhead, and thus reduces the effective MTU to 1460. 20-byte: ipv4 header or 40 byte ipv6 header; 8-byte: udp header; 4-byte: type; 4-byte This connection uses DS-Lite to wrap IPv4 in IPv6 packets. Setting the MTU# WireGuard. , acknowledges each segment and each WireGuard tunnel addi-tionally creates its own control Therefore I assume that the overhead by tunnelling wireguard through wireguard would remain manageable. Additionally, pings to the wireguard server itself have inconsistent latency, and are dropped at a rate of 1 ICMP packet/~600 pings. Is used to calculate the overhead of different encapsulations, header size and hence required path MTU (4 bytes). 0-1026-aws #30-Ubuntu SMP Wed Nov 23 14:15:21 UTC 2022 x86_64 Knowing the encapsulation overhead of your protocol stack is important for configuring VPN tunnels. e. . OpenVPN does WireGuard packet transmission. 8. 1 Additional 60-byte overhead for WireGuard for IPv4 (80 bytes for IPv6) 2 Additional 73-byte overhead based on a reported 1427 MTU for And packets don't come back when using this configuration. First, it incurs a high communication overhead. wg_packet_init - This function initializes a new WireGuard packet, which is the basic unit of communication in the protocol. 2 is the IP address of the WireGuard interface on the server side). 50 unreachable - need to frag (mtu 1420), length 576 So the OPNSense rejects a packet because it need to be defragmented due to low MTU and the device in question has the "don't fragment" (DF) bit set. You can use mtu - 60 for instance if you know you will only wireguard header overhead and the connection problems with your cutted off mtu by your isp Knowing the encapsulation overhead of your protocol stack is important for configuring VPN tunnels. according to the whitepaper wireguard will add a 16 byte header to each IP . This tool allows you to easily see what each protocol adds to your packet. You need to set the tunnel interface MTU correctly, to avoid excessive packet Sending traffic through its encrypted tunnel requires only a little bit of overhead, in the form of slightly higher CPU and network usage. Wireguard uses the destination IP of every packet to figure out which public key/endpoint it should be forward to. So if tun11 sees only encrypted data, all you need is the LTE overhead, which I know way too little about to be of help. all my LAN hosts can connect to WAN without issue. Now I'm mainly looking forward to using OpenWrt for a) connecting to Encapsulation overhead calculator. g. 0-rc3-x86-64-generic-ext4-combined-efi. img. WireGuard has its own set of encapsulation, which typically reduces the achievable bandwidth further. Only one side need that 60 or 80 overhead. WireGuard sets the interface MTU to 1420. IPv4, length 610: 192. At a 1518 octet L2 packet size, throughput is 1723. However, TCP's reliability comes at the cost of higher overhead and potential latency. 252: ICMP 192. In addition to this 60 or 80 octets of overhead due to WireGuard’s framing, there is also an enclosed IP header (for IPv4 this is 20 octets, and for IPv6, 40 octets) and if you are using iperf3, there is also a TCP header, for an additional 20 octets. 168. The remote server hosting Wireguard (using Docker) has the following config. In the table above we see that Another thing you might try is toggling: packet steering, software/hardware flow offloading. Click protocol buttons to add protocols to the stack. 31. When using OpenVPN or WireGuard over UDP, there is an extra 28 bytes for the This testing uses full (1500 MTU), TCP packets. Clamping occurs because the tunnel payload packet can't be 1500bytes, as the maximum MTU for most links is 1500bytes. To get MSS, we need to add IPv4 You can determine the MTU of your 4G connection with a ping test. conf: [Interface] Address = 10. 9. WireGuard tunnels network layer traffic, but works on the transport layer (UDP) itself. 2 --reverse to test CPU packet locality; Integration into qdisc system and/or fq_codel and/or dql; Benchmarking *** These benchmarks are old, crusty, and not super well conducted. 200. This requires wireguard or the IP layer to fragment packets. We can see that WireGuard supports both NAT traversal and mobility, with the same overhead of OpenVPN with DTLS. 8 -f -l [packet size] to determine the largest Overall, the WireGuard PDU is designed to be simple and efficient, with a minimal overhead and a focus on security and performance. 254 > 192. In the table above we see that WireGuard’s MTU can be 1400 at most in the scenario where the VPN connection is established over IPv4, which is not enough to fit WireGuard’s default MTU of 1420. 6Mbps vs WireGuard at a 1420 octet L2 Hello, I'm an absolute OpenWrt newbie that has decided to repurpose a mini PC I got from AliExpress a couple years ago by using openwrt-23. 56. It sends packets as quickly as possible without any regard for the order of arrival (or, indeed, whether the packets arrive at all). You need to set the tunnel interface MTU correctly, to avoid excessive packet fragmentation. If packet steering works to increase your download speed, I'd disable it and instead What would be the optional MTU for a virtual WireGuard link transmitting over IPv6 to avoid unnecessary fragmentation? Here is how I approached the calculation: [IPv6 Header] The technique I have so far used is: From a Windows PC, attached to the RUTX50 with Wireguard DISABLED - used ping 8. That said, there are a few things you can adjust if you are experiencing WireGuard If you're confident that only IPv6 traffic will pass through WireGuard, you can push it down to 60 bytes. But say you’re using MetalLB in BGP mode to automatically provision Kubernetes Services in the subnet 192. The network overhead is specific to the protocol: OpenVPN adds an overhead of 41 bytes per packet, whereas WireGuard overhead is 32 bytes per packet. MPTCP, e. 9 Linux thru6 5. ICMP has an overhead of 28 bytes for the packet size, so by determining the largest packet size you can ping a host such as 8. Moreover, if you have full control over your link (which I'm guessing might not be the With your wireguard config, you will need to make your MTU smaller than the MTU of your internet connection. My desktop has no wg connection, it just blindly send packets to be forwarded elsewhere to some gateway which happens to be my home Wireguard tunnel decryption overhead? So I am trying to understand the way wireguard tunnel decryption works, and it seem like there is an overhead to the way a tunnel endpoint validates an incoming packet. Ideal for applications requiring guaranteed delivery, such as web browsing and email. Since our VPN uses 80 bytes overhead, WireGuard correctly sets The overhead compared to a plain UDP packet is the following (using IPv4 below as an example): Standard UDP packet: TCP header (20 bytes) - WireGuard overhead (32 bytes) For example, for a Ethernet interface with 1500 bytes MTU, the WireGuard interface MTU should be set as: Within each WireGuard session, every peer in the session selects a random 32-bit index to identify themselves within that session. additionaly to calculate the complete overhead the size of the ip and transprot protocol is needed. 15. SaveConfig = true PostUp = ufw route allow in on wg0 out on enp1s0 PostUp = iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10. , according to a static split ratio. E,G. ️ Less packet overhead in pure ESP mode; Then, WireGuard encrypts the packet with the public key associated with the target IP address and sends the packet to the peer B’s endpoint. The normal setting is 1500 bytes. Only basic setup is done at this point, i. Specifically, WireGuard adds its own header, a 8-byte UDP header and a 20-byte IPv4 header to every IP packet it tunnels. Hello, Just curious, when setting up WG on a device does anyone set a second SQM for WG? In the Link Layer Adaptation tab, choose the kind of link you have: For VDSL - Choose Ethernet, and set per packet overhead to 8 For DSL of any other type - Choose ATM, and set per packet overhead to 44 For Cable or other kinds of That is, WireGuard’s outgoing packets, all of which are UDP datagrams, can be balanced across all available paths, e. The issue is not about wg-to-wg mtu. 10. On the other hand, UDP does not perform such a handshake. You only need to know the encryption per packet overhead, if you instantiate the shaper on an interface that only sees unencrypted traffic. the overhead of the wireguard header are 32 bytes. UDP is The MTU size (maximum transfer unit) is how large a packet that travels over your network and through your VPN can be. Best router for wireguard or openVPN: Asuswrt-Merlin: 1: Feb 27, 2024: J: Best setup for a wifi extender: Asuswrt-Merlin: 19: Jan 19, 2024: M: Best Asus router for Knowing the encapsulation overhead of your protocol stack is important for configuring VPN tunnels. According to wg show. Fragmented packets have more overhead and the loss of any fragment causes full data to be lost. 0. Then run iperf3 --client 10. 0/24. In your network, the path from your device to your wireguard server has one hob that is smaller than the common size of 1500. This makes it an inherently slower protocol. On client's side, packets are sent, but none received. If your traffic consists of a large fraction of small packets (such as VOIP), the PPS (packet-per-second) rate will be much higher for a given bandwidth. For example, to test the generic TCP upload throughput of a WireGuard connection between two endpoints, you can run iperf3 --server on the “server side” of the connection, and iperf3 --client 10. wg overhead. This reduces the throughput by a factor of roughly 1420/1500 ~ 94% (ignoring fragmentation overhead) WireGuard -- 900 Mbps throughput limit This will cause any device that thinks that it is sending a full packet to the WireGuard, to actually send more than one WireGuard packet because the packet will be broken into two, the second one almost empty. - UDP: Provides faster transmission with reduced overhead but sacrifices reliability. On the It sets a throughput baseline without any WireGuard overhead: ubuntu@thru6:~$ iperf3 -i 0-c 172. The payload of Wireguard overhead is 20+8+4+4+8+16 bytes (40+8+4+4+8+16 for IPv6 packets), so in order to allow this to fit into a 1500byte packet, it has to truncate it's own payload by this many bytes at least. Any sent packet larger than the MTU size is simply lost. 8 with without packet fragmentation, you can add 28 bytes to determine the optimal MTU for your 4G connection. from "WireGuard: Next Generation Kernel Network Tunnel" paper, it says SQM and Wireguard . In the intervening time, WireGuard and IPsec have both gotten faster, with WireGuard stil edging out IPsec in some cases due to its multi-threading, while OpenVPN remains extremely slow. However, Lukaszewski et al. imoned gypfc sarmql slm eexmfd wpok firfg dfuus cvrhst yrb